Abstract: Phacoemulsification aspiration (PEA) has revolutionized cataract surgery. However, the production of ultrasound energy is associated with heat generation that can result in damage to corneal incision. Thermal damage to the corneal incision may result in difficulty with wound closure and consequent risk of wound leakage, as well as damage to the adjacent corneal stroma and endothelium. The heat around the tip not only causes damage to the corneal incision, but also give rise to an increase of temperature in the anterior chamber during PEA, which ultimately injures corneal endothelium. Different ultrasound durations, ultrasound modes, ultrasound energies and ultrasound instruments have certain effects on the temperature of anterior chamber. Clinicians should try to use lower ultrasound energy for PEA in pulse mode and decrease the duration of ultrasound. In addition, various ophthalmic viscosurgical devices, as well as the continuous irrigation of irrigating solution, are critical factors influencing the temperature of anterior chamber during phacoemulsification.